By R. Trainham, N. J. van Druten, L. D. Noordam, H. G. Muller, P. Breger, G. Petite (auth.), André D. Bandrauk, Stephen C. Wallace (eds.)

This quantity includes the lectures and communications provided on the NATO complex study Workshop (NATO ARW 900857) which was once held could 5-10, 1991 at McMaster college, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. a systematic commitee made of P.P. Lambropoulos (USC & Crete), P.8. Corkum (NRC, Ottawa), and H. B. vL. van den Heuvell (FOM, Amsterdam) guided the organizers, A.D. Bandrauk (Sherbrooke) and S.C. Wallace (Toronto) in getting ready a programme which might hide the newest advances within the box of atom and molecule laser interactions. because the final assembly held in July 1987 on "Atomic and Molecular approaches with brief excessive Laser Pulses", NATO ASI vol 1718 (Plenum Press 1988), massive growth has been made in realizing excessive depth results on atoms and the concomitant coherence results. After 4 years, the emphasis is now moving extra to molecules. the current quantity represents consequently this development with 4 sections overlaying the most pursuits of study endeavours during this region: i) Atoms in severe Laser-Fields ii) Molecules in excessive Laser Fields iii) Atomic Coherences iv) Molecular Coherences The event constructed through the years in multiphoton atomic tactics has been very helpful and is the most resource of our knowing of comparable techniques in molecules. hence ATI (above­ threshold ionization) has been chanced on to take place in molecules in addition to a brand new phenomenon, ATD (above-threshold dissociation). Laser-induced kept away from crossings of molecular digital surfaces can also be now getting into the present language of excessive depth molecular processes.

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Of course we should not bend the axis so strongly that the paraxial approximation breaks down, or that the boundaries of the medium intercept the beam. REMARKS The simplified discussion just given is sufficient to bring out a few important points. One of these is that phenomena such as stabilization are not distinctly quantummechanical, for we have seen that they can be realized with classical waves. It should also be clear that the same sorts of conclusions inferred from the one-dimensional model carryover to the real case of two-dimensional transverse beam variations.

H. Eberly and J. Javanainen, Phys. Rev. Lett. C. J. L. Krause, Phy~ Rev. Lett. 66, 2601 (1991). 12. M. Pont and R. Shakeshaft, submitted as a rapid communication in Phys. Rev. A. 13. J. R. Stroud, Jr, Phys. Rev. A40, 5651 (1989); Ail, 1602 (1990) . 14. V. M. Movsesian, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B~, 850 (1988); J. Phys. B~, L155 (1988); J. Opt. Soc. Am. B~, 928 (1989). 15. H. P. A. T. Vetterling in "Numerical Recipies" (Cambridge University press, 1989) chap. 17. 16. Although the sand p states are strongly mixed and lose their identity, it is instructive to analyze the time evolution of these populatiornin order to understand the excitation dynamics.

The slow rise of ionization during the fall can be attributed to the depletion of the ground state as well as to the fact that part of the population is in excited states. 75 fs, and that the shape of the curve of ionization demonstrates that the process does not proceed with a constant rate. if one were to use an effective rate to obtain the correct final ionization, the resulting development in time would be tnisleading. We undertook this investigation with a dual purpose. First we wanted to explore the possible danger in drawing conclusions about the dynatnics of atoms in strong fields on the basis of one dimensional models.

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