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Craig v. S. ) 410, 431-32 (1830): id. , dissenting); Briscoe v. S. ) 257, 312-14, 318-19 (1837); Poindexter v. S. R. v. S. 66, 85-87 (1900). 103/ Arts~ of Confed'n art. IX. See post, pp •. 92-97. 104/ ~,on the non-essentiality of legal-tender character fora "Bil (1] of Credit", and '(therefore) on the absence of any inherent legal-tender power in the authority to "emit Bills of Credit", see Craig v. S. ) 410, 433-36 (1830);2 J. ' -- -32- _. '---nr--~ ---- - iV-hat is not immediately obvious about Article I, § 10, cl.

S. ) 657, 723 (1838). c , ~" i L L 178/ Arts. of Confed'n art. S. Const. art. I, § 10, cl. 1 ("No State shall * * * coin Money"). S. Const. amend. ' into existence self-evidently confines itself to coin, the substance of that power defines itself with equal obvious181/ 182/ ness. -And that the Framers intended the verb to be taken in its strict denotation, rather than in some r·- other, loose connotation, the further reference to "foreign (FOOTNOTE 180 CONT'D) i I t. the market, not of the political process, through the government; and (ii) this insight being at least implicit in the common-law view that only specie could satisfactorily serve as money in the strict sense of the term.

1-3 ("No State shall * * * "); amend. all * * * "); amends. XV, XIX ("The right * * * to vote shall not be denied or abridged * * * by any State"). These prohibitions "nullif[y) and mak[e] void * * * State action of every kind". S. 3, 11 (1883). " Terry v. S. 461, 473 (1953) (opinion of Frankfurter, J . ) . -.. Founders' experience, "mak[ing] * * * a Tender" in the connota- tion the Constitution outlaws involved a coercive act: imposing some "Thing" on an unwilling creditor for the purpose of benefitting the debtor, at the creditor's expense.