By Barry Rubin, Wolfgang G. Schwanitz
Throughout the Nineteen Thirties and Forties, a special and lasting political alliance was once cast between 3rd Reich leaders, Arab nationalists, and Muslim spiritual specialists. From this courting sprang a sequence of dramatic occasions that, regardless of their profound effect at the process global conflict II, remained mystery beforehand. during this groundbreaking e-book, esteemed heart East students Barry Rubin and Wolfgang G. Schwanitz discover for the 1st time the entire tale of this harmful alliance and discover its carrying on with effect on Arab politics within the twenty-first century.
Rubin and Schwanitz demonstrate, for instance, the complete scope of Palestinian chief Amin al-Husaini’s help of Hitler’s genocidal plans opposed to ecu and center japanese Jews. moreover, they reveal the level of Germany’s long term promoting of Islamism and jihad.
Drawing on unparalleled study in eu, American, and center East data, many lately opened and not ahead of written approximately, the authors supply new perception at the intertwined improvement of Nazism and Islamism and its effect at the smooth center East.
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Extra info for Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East
Example text
19 Thus, Germany’s ruler accepted von Oppenheim’s proposal. In the event of war, the kaiser decided, Berlin would aid the Ottomans while the sultan would raise a jihad against Germany’s European foes in British-ruled India, French-ruled North Africa, and Russian Asia. Not A Christian Imperial Strategy Figure 4. Max von Oppenheim, the German “Abu Jihad” (“father of jihad”) and mastermind of the jihadization of Islam from 1893 on, sits in his tent, carpeted and hung with texts from the Qu’ran in the style of an Arab chieftain.
20 On August 5, 1914, just three days after the German-Ottoman alliance was concluded, Chief of the German General Staff General Helmuth A Jihad Made in Germany 35 Figure 7. Enver Pasha, Ottoman war minister during World War I, who also unleashed the German-Ottoman jihadization of Islam with a 1914 call for AfroAsian jihad in the colonies of Great Britain, Russia, and France. After the war he briefly joined the Soviet “leftist jihad” in the service of world revolution, but was eventually killed fighting for Central Asian Muslim opponents of the Bolsheviks.
Typical was a 1915 fatwa by Hibat ad-Din Muhammad ash-Shahrastani, translated by Helmut Ritter of the Sixth Ottoman Army in Baghdad and Carl Brockelmann of Halle University. Becker checked the text 42 A Jihad Made in Germany and von Oppenheim’s organization distributed it widely. 50 The fatwa began with a question: “Germans are Christians and now helpers of Muslims. But they are also infidels like the Russians, En glish, Italians, and French. ” Ash-Shahrastani answered, “There are two kinds of infidels.