By Fredrik Barth
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Additional resources for Process and Form in Social Life: Selected Essays of Fredrik Barth. Volume 1 (International Library of Anthropology)
Sample text
They should be constituted of a limited number of clearly abstracted parts, the magnitude or constellation of which can be varied, so that one model can be made to produce a number of different forms. Pared to empirical forms of social systems, and where there is correspondence in fonnal features between the two, the empirical fornl may then be characterized as a particular constellation of lhe variables in the model. In these respects the models which I discuss are similar to those already in usc in certain fields of anthropology, notably the corn· ponential models of kinship systems (Goodenough, 1956) and Leach's • First published by the Royal AnUHopological tnstitute of Gre'l Britain and Ireland, 1966.
The major elements of the generative model called for in such an illustration have been presen ted. Transactional behaviour takes place with reference to a set of values which serve as generalized incentives and constraints on choice; it also takes place with reference to a pre-established matrix of statuses, seen as a distribution of values on positions in the form of minimal clusters of jurally binding rights. From this point, through the formation of status scts, and the implications and restrictions of transactional relations and impression management within these sets, I propose to genera te gross forms of social behaviour which correspond to empirically observable patterns.
I shall not attempt to introduce or adopt any special rigour in the terminology - though its absence in antllropological discussion is at tinles confusing - but will use the terms more or less idiomatically as they seem to be used in the current literature. Speaking of ~Iues, I shall be concerned with people's principles and scales Qf evaluation, as well as with such abstracted amounts or ratings uf preference which appear to be relatively stable over time. 48 Models of social organization II 49 TIle problem as I see it is 10 understand how any degree uf system· and consistency is established and maintained between the different values that coexist in a culture.