By Jago Cooper, Payson Sheets
Archaeologists have lengthy encountered facts of average failures via excavation and stratigraphy. In Surviving unexpected Environmental switch, case experiences study how 8 various previous human communities--ranging from Arctic to equatorial areas, from tropical rainforests to abandon interiors, and from deep prehistory to residing memory--faced, and coped with, such risks. Many mess ups originate from a force Read more...
content material: Foreword; bankruptcy Abstracts; advent; 1. dangers, affects, and Resilience between Hunter-Gatherers of the Kuril Islands; 2. Responses to Explosive Volcanic Eruptions through Small to complicated Societies in old Mexico and relevant the US; three. Black solar, excessive Flame, and Flood: Volcanic dangers in Iceland; four. Fail to arrange, Then organize to Fail: Rethinking danger, Vulnerability, and Mitigation within the Precolumbian Caribbean; five. Collation, Correlation, and Causation within the Prehistory of Coastal Peru. 6. Silent dangers, Invisible dangers: Prehispanic Erosion within the Teotihuacan Valley, valuable Mexico7. Domination and Resilience in Bronze Age Mesopotamia; eight. long term Vulnerability and Resilience: 3 Examples from Archaeological learn within the Southwestern usa and northern Mexico; nine. Social Evolution, dangers, and Resilience: a few Concluding options; 10. international Environmental switch, Resilience, and Sustainable results; individuals; Index.
summary: Archaeologists have lengthy encountered facts of traditional mess ups via excavation and stratigraphy. In Surviving surprising Environmental swap, case experiences research how 8 varied previous human communities--ranging from Arctic to equatorial areas, from tropical rainforests to abandon interiors, and from deep prehistory to dwelling memory--faced, and coped with, such hazards. Many mess ups originate from a strength of nature, comparable to an earthquake, cyclone, tsunami, volcanic eruption, drought, or flood. yet that's basically 1/2 the tale; judgements of individuals and their specific cultural lifewa
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Extra resources for Surviving Sudden Environmental Change
Example text
Past flows and landslides have remodeled sections of several islands. Landslides often formed the best low-elevation foundation for subsequent human occupations, demonstrated by archaeological settlements placed on features of former landslides on the smaller islands of Makanrushi, Kharimkotan, and Ekarma. Kharimkotan, for example, has two low-elevation landforms, one on each side, that were created by landslides in the past 2,000 years. Living on the flanks of an active volcano is always inherently hazardous, and most of the central Kurils are little more than volcanic cones with narrow coastal benches suitable for human occupation.
In addition, the islands are beset by fog much of the year, subject to dramatic storms, and variably packed with winter sea ice. Changes in climate have implications for the frequency of storms and the productivity of the marine ecosystem. Combined with relative isolation, these conditions make the Kurils hazardous for human occupation, especially when population density was low and social networks harder to maintain between isolated settlements (Fitzhugh, Phillips, and Gjesfjeld 2011). All of these factors make the Kurils (especially the remote and small central ones) seem as though they would be very risky places for anyone to live, especially hunter-gatherers depending on relatively unproductive ecosystems.
Sheets, Payson 1980 Archaeological Studies of Disaster: Their Range and Value. Paper 38. Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder. 2008 Armageddon to the Garden of Eden: Explosive Volcanic Eruptions and Societal Resilience in Ancient Middle America. In El Niño, Catastrophism, and Culture Change in Ancient America, ed. Daniel Sandweiss and Jeffrey Quilter. Dumbarton Oaks, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 168–186. van Buren, Mary 2001 The Archaeology of El Niño Events and Other “Natural” Disasters.