By Professor Dr. Costas Tsatsoulis, Dr. Ronald Kwok (auth.)

This ebook reports contemporary advances within the use of SAR imagery for operational purposes and for aiding technological know-how investigations of the polar oceans. the $64000 parameters that are extracted from spaceborne SAR imagery are mentioned. Algorithms utilized in such analyses are defined and information structures utilized in generating the ocean ice items are provided.

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1996), multiyear ice becomes brighter than both first year ice and new ice. In general, results during cold conditions are not satisfactory, even using the 'cold weather' switch in the algorithm, with the floes being largely undersampled. This is likely due to the reduced overall contrast between the multiyear ice and the other ice types, which means that the segmen0 2 Identifying Ice Floes and Computing Ice Floe Distributions in SAR Images 29 August 26 Se gmentation ~ 240 <; 030 Lo § llo 0 .....

These frost flowers consist of delicate crystalline shapes which typically grow to heights of 2-4 cm above the ice surface (Martin 1979). Brine is also expelled either into the ocean beneath or into brine pockets within the young ice mass as it grows. G. BARBER, A. N. PAPAKYRIAKOU The salinity of this ice drops rapidly after the initial freeze-up. 4 m thickness) the desalination stabilizes to a gentler (linear) desalination as the ice sheet thickens. Throughout the growth process, surface and bottom salinities are higher than those in the centre.

C Sequence of four ERS-1 SAR images from July 4, 1992, centered at 82°N, 138°N (copyright ESA). -K. SOH, C. TSATSOULIS, AND B. HOLT another data set (Fig. 13 c,d) obtained on July 4. In Fig. 13a, the floes are primarily dark separated by bright ridges, except that there is a small circular region on the border between frames 3 and 4 that is brighter. The floe results in Fig. 13b are largely acceptable, noting that within the brighter region there is a reduction of measurable floes and increased water/ice mixture.

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