By Alfred D. Chandler (editor), Franco Amatori (editor), Takashi Hikino (editor)
Written in nontechnical phrases, this booklet explains how the dynamics of huge enterprise have stimulated nationwide and foreign economies. A path-breaking learn, it offers the 1st systematic remedy of massive company in complicated, rising, and centrally-planned economies from the past due 19th century, whilst enormous companies first seemed, to the current. huge business businesses play an important position in constructing new applied sciences and commercializing new items in the entire significant nations. How such companies emerged and advanced in several monetary, political, and social settings constitutes an important a part of 20th century global background. those essays, written by means of internationally-known historians and economists, support one comprehend the basic function and services of huge enterprise.
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On the Mechanics of Economic Development," Journal of Monetary Economics, 22 (July 1988): 3-42; Nancy L. Stokey, "Learning by Doing and the Introduction of New Goods," Journal of Political Economy, 96 (August 1988): 701-717; Nancy L. Stokey, "Human Capital, Product Quality, and Growth," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106 (May 1991): 587-616. Richard R. Nelson, "Where Are We in the Discussion? : Ballinger Publishing, 1984), p. 405. See also Richard R. l (March 1995): 48-90, for the latest summary of the literature on the interactions among various input factors and technical change.
2. 6 Note: R&D scientists and engineers represent full-time employees and the full-time equivalent of part-time employees. , 1992), table B-l, p. 46, table B-4, p. 49, and table B-16, p. 63. 3. Distribution of the 200 largest industrial enterprises in the United States, by industry, ranked by assets, 1917-1988 Group 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 — Industry 1917 1930 1948 1973 1988 Food Tobacco Textiles Apparel Lumber Furniture Paper Printing and publishing Chemicals Petroleum Rubber Leather Stone, clay, and glass Primary metals Fabricated metals Machinery Electrical machinery Transportation equipment Instruments Miscellaneous Conglomerate Total 29 6 6 3 3 0 5 2 20 22 5 4 5 31 11 17 5 24 1 1 0 31 5 4 0 4 1 8 2 20 26 5 2 8 23 10 19 5 23 2 2 0 27 5 8 0 2 1 6 2 23 22 5 2 6 23 6 23 7 29 1 2 0 22 3 3 0 3 0 10 1 28 26 5 0 8 18 4 13 15 22 2 1 16 18 3 2 1 7 1 9 9 40 18 1 0 6 10 5 13 21 20 4 1 11 200 200 200 200 200 Sources: For 1917, 1930, 1948, and 1973, Alfred D.
Stokey, "Human Capital, Product Quality, and Growth," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106 (May 1991): 587-616. Richard R. Nelson, "Where Are We in the Discussion? : Ballinger Publishing, 1984), p. 405. See also Richard R. l (March 1995): 48-90, for the latest summary of the literature on the interactions among various input factors and technical change. The large industrial enterprise 29 Paul David emphasize the character and bias of technical progress in capital accumulation, in particular how capital-using technological processes, by raising the marginal productivity of capital relative to that of labor, increase the demand for capital, physical and human, that replaces raw labor.