By Surjit Mansingh

Whereas development a latest economic system and a democratic, secular society, India has inherited a wealthy civilization with an unprecedented variety of ethnic, linguistic and spiritual teams going again many millions of years. The ancient Dictionary is a r

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Sheikh Abdullah dies. 1983 Nonaligned Summit in New Delhi. Agitation in Punjab. Nellie massacre in Assam. Sarkaria Commission reviews center-state relations. 1984 Rakesh Sharma first Indian in space. ” June: Security forces enter Golden Temple, Amritsar, in Operation Blue Star. October 31: Indira Gandhi assassinated. Rajiv Gandhi appointed prime minister. Anti-Sikh riots in Delhi and elsewhere. Poisonous gas from Union Carbide plant in Bhopal kills thousands. December: General election gives Congress (I) massive victory.

CHRONOLOGY • xxxv 1945 British Labour Government announces intention of granting early independence to India. 1946 Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy. British Cabinet Mission in India. Elections to Constituent Assembly. Muslim League campaigns for Pakistan. Communal riots. Interim government; Jawaharlal Nehru vicepresident. 1947 Lord Mountbatten appointed viceroy. Announces plan to partition India. Widespread communal riots. Independent India 1947 August 15 and 14: India and Pakistan independent. Raiders from Pakistan attack Jammu and Kashmir; state accedes to India.

1739 Nadir Shah of Persia sacks Delhi. 1740–1760 Power struggles in Bengal and south India among princes and European trading companies. xxxii • CHRONOLOGY 1757 Battle of Plassey. Robert Clive defeats Nawab of Bengal. 1761 Third battle of Panipat. Ahmad Shah Abdali defeats Marathas. Rise and Consolidation of British Power in India 1764–1765 Battle of Baxar. East India Company awarded dewani (right to collect land revenue) in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa by Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. 1767–1799 Four Anglo-Mysore Wars; East India Company expands control in southern and eastern India.

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