By Nicolette Caccia, Tak W. Mak (auth.), Tak W. Mak (eds.)

The significance of thymus-dependent cells, or T cells, within the iteration of a winning immune reaction was once first discovered within the early sixties. within the stick with­ ing twenty years, a succession of chic experiments demonstrated the antigen specificity of T cells and their skill to accomplish either as regulatory and effector cells. T cells have been proven to be crucial in such a lot immune reactions, enjoying a vital position in augmenting the job of effector T and B cells opposed to 'foreign' antigen, in addition to within the suppression of effector task opposed to self antigens. The ability wherein T cells differentiate 'foreign' from 'self' antigens is predicated on their popularity of antigen nearly solely within the context of self significant histocompatibility complicated items, not like B cells, which realize an­ tigen by myself. it truly is this acceptance, mediated by way of the T-cell receptor, that units into movement the varied cell-cell interactions, which keep watch over the differentiation and legislation of the immune reaction. even though its value used to be good tested, the molecular nature of the T-cell receptor remained elusive for 2 a long time. Many hypotheses as to its constitution and distinct functionality have been recommend, utilizing immunoglobulin as a foundation for conjecture, yet "the Holy Grail of Immunology" remained ephemeral until eventually 3 years in the past. within the resulting years, either immunologists and molecular biologists have contributed to an explosion of information unsurpassed by way of any past interval within the field.

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USA 79:1383-1387. , 1983, Immunoglobulin genes, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1:499-528. , 1976, Evidence for somatic rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes coding for variable and constant regions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:3628-3632. , 1985, Low frequency of somatic mutation in l3-chain variable region genes of human T-cell receptors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7701-7705. , 1983, The mouse T-cell receptor: Comparison of MHC-restricted receptors on two T-cell hybridomas, Cell 34:727-737. , 1984, Localization of a T cell receptor diversityregion element, Nature 310:421-423.

Continued) Nicolette Caccia et aI. 32 Table II. 1 P Clone Comments Different N region sequences. -Abbreviations: NA, not available; NR, not reported; -, unassigned; P, partial rearrangement products (DJC, JC). percentage of the total number of residues. The consensus sequence is displayed as a function of frequency from 10% to 100% above the alignment. , 1986). The family assignments given in Fig. , 1987) in which unique members of the same family share the first digit and differ in the second.

32 Table II. 1 P Clone Comments Different N region sequences. -Abbreviations: NA, not available; NR, not reported; -, unassigned; P, partial rearrangement products (DJC, JC). percentage of the total number of residues. The consensus sequence is displayed as a function of frequency from 10% to 100% above the alignment. , 1986). The family assignments given in Fig. , 1987) in which unique members of the same family share the first digit and differ in the second. For example, V",1. 1 and V",1. 2 are two crosshybridizing members of the V",1 family.

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