By Tiffany Field (auth.), Phillip S. Strain (eds.)
Since the early 1800's, childrens were taught and inspired to operate as tutorial brokers for his or her school room friends. although, it was once no longer till the decade that peer-mediated intervention used to be studied in a rigorous, systematic style. the aim of this edited quantity is to supply an up to date and whole account of empirical examine that addresses the overall efficacy of school room friends as habit swap brokers. due to a number of social and felony advancements, reminiscent of the passage of Public legislation 94-142 and its accompanying call for for indi vidualized guideline, peer-mediated interventions look prone to prolif erate. As i've got famous somewhere else (Strain, this volume), shut adherence to the primary of individualized programming has rendered out of date the "adults in simple terms" version of lecture room guideline. even if the usage of comrades within the educational procedure involves be considered via tuition body of workers as a good adjunct to day-by-day lecture room practices relies in huge mea convinced on our skill to rigorously layout, behavior, and converse the findings of utilized learn. I belief that this quantity will functionality either to effectively speak current findings and to stimulate additional examine. My colleagues who've generously contributed their time and ability to this quantity have my private appreciation. they've got played their a variety of initiatives in a well timed, expert demeanour and, in my view, have supplied significant perception into the issues and potentials of colleagues as educational agents.
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Extra resources for The Utilization of Classroom Peers as Behavior Change Agents
Example text
Hartup, W. Positive social reinforcement in the nursery school peer group. Child Develvpment, 1967,38, 993-1002. Chukovsky, K. From two to five. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1963. Cooke, T. , & Cooke, S. A. Normal preschool children as behavioral models for retarded peers. Exceptional Children, 1977,43, 531-532. Cowen, E. , Izzo, L. , & Trost, M. A. Long-term follow-up of early detected vulnerable children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1973,41, 438-446. Debus, R.
Baseline rates of several behaviors (cooperation, isolate behaviors, dramatic play) were determined for five preschool children. Response classes associated with high and low rates of peer reinforcement were identified. The experimenters then induced a number of peer confederates to ignore the high- or low-rate subjects when the target behaviors occurred and continue interacting with the subject when he emitted other behaviors. Increases or decreases were observed in these target behaviors during intervention periods, and diminished toward baseline levels during reversal or withdrawal of intervention periods.
Second, a more detailed analysis of antecedent variables consisting of content (relevant or not relevant), speaker attention (on peer, not on peer), distance (less than three feet, more than three feet), attention getting (present, absent), and listener attention (on speaker, not on speaker) was carried out. This analysis revealed significant changes in all variables across time in the direction of the first behavior in each parenthesis, with the exception of attention getting (toward less of a need to utilize attention-getting techniques).