By Meguid El Nahas, Adeera Levin
Continual Kidney ailment (C.K.D.) is swiftly turning into a world healthcare challenge with an envisioned 10% of the final inhabitants affected. therefore, it's changing into more and more vital that basic care physicians and common physic, in addition to aspiring nephrologists, have an organization realizing of C.K.D. in addition to entry to the foremost details. functional and highly-accessible, this booklet offers a entire consultant to the knowledge and administration of sufferers with C.K.D. . It deals either fundamental care physicians and non-nephrology experts an advent to and insights into the sickness. The emphasis is on sensible information and a centred method of a few key issues within the fi
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Extra resources for Chronic Kidney Disease: A practical guide to understanding and management
Sample text
Pdf. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008. Chronic kidney disease: national clinical guideline for early identification and management in adults in primary and secondary care. NICE: CG73. London: The Royal College of Physicians. , 2008. Rationale and strategies for early detection and management of diabetic kidney disease. 1373–81. , 2004. Bergamo Nephrologic Diabetes Complications Trial (BENEDICT) Investigators. Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351(19), pp.
Recurrent UTIs The diabetic milieu, glycosuria, and bladder dysfunction predispose to recurrent UTIs. Papillary necrosis The combination of renal ischaemia/hypoxia as well as hyperglycaemic hyperosmolarity leads to renal papillary necrosis, presenting as recurrent bouts of renal colics. Nephrotoxicity DKD is susceptible to bouts of acute on CKD due to the nephrotoxicity of radiocontrast material as well as that of drugs such as NSAIDs. Infections Besides recurrent UTIs, the diabetic kidney is also susceptible to acute on CKD due to systemic infections, including cutaneous streptococcal infections associated with post-infections proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Finally, it has been suggested that inhibitors of the RAAS have cardioprotective effects in patients with DN. They have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, debate continues as to whether such cardioprotection is independent of a better blood pressure control compared to other agents. A word of caution is warranted regarding the use of RAAS inhibitors in CKD, including DN. These agents can be associated with a significant reduction in kidney function. Therefore, it is advisable to closely monitor (within a week from initiation or changes of dosage) renal function (serum creatinine and eGFR).