By K. P. Schwarz (auth.), Klaus-Peter Schwarz, Gérard Lachapelle (eds.)
Kinematic structures in Geodesy, Surveying, and distant Sensing offers a cutting-edge dialogue at the use of the worldwide Positioning process (GPS) together with Inertial Navigation structures (INS) for exact sensing of the Earth's floor. Divided into components, the booklet first discusses GPS/INS with appreciate to conception and modelling, apparatus traits, estimation equipment and quality controls, algorithms, and software program developments. It then describes the purposes of those kinematic platforms to positioning and navigation, modelling and dimension of gravity, gravity gradiometry, and altitude. This selection of sixty three shows files the symposium of an analogous identify held in Banff, Alberta, September 1990. it's the 6th quantity of the overseas organization of Geodesy Symposia sequence released via Springer-Verlag New York.
Read Online or Download Kinematic Systems in Geodesy, Surveying, and Remote Sensing: Symposium No. 107 Banff, Alberta, Canada, September 10–13, 1990 PDF
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Extra info for Kinematic Systems in Geodesy, Surveying, and Remote Sensing: Symposium No. 107 Banff, Alberta, Canada, September 10–13, 1990
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E. (1963). L. ), Proc. 1st Symp. on Eng. Appl. of Random Function Th. and Probability J. Wiley and Sons, 270-288. C. Laub (1980). The singular value decomposit·ion: Its computation and some applications, IEEE Trans. Aut. Control, AC-25, 164-176. Lindlohr, W. (1988). PUMA. Processing of Undifferenced GPS carrier beat phase Measurements and Adjustment computations, Technical Report 5, Institute of Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart. V. (1981). Computation of minimal order state-space realizations and observability indices using orthogonal transformations, Int.
Usually the "true" values of all the input variables as well as the "true" values of the initial states are not available, but instead only an estimate W(t) and X(to) of them, with E{X(to)} = 3(to) , E{(X(to) - 3(to))(X(to) - 3{to))T} = EX(to) E{W(t)} = n(t) , E{(W(t) - n(t))(W(t) - n(t))T} = Ew(t)8(t, t') , where 8(t, t') denotes the Dirac Delta-Function. In the following it is assumed that the known input-variables are included in the functional model as time-varying or constant parameters and are thus discarded from the input vector.
Atmospheric Errors: The terms ~on and du'O are due to the effect of the ionosphere and troposphere. The ionospheric error can De ~ractically eliminated if dual frequency measurements are available. This is one of several advantages of the P code. , Goad 1990). The group delay is a function of the level of ionospheric activity and can reach 50 m at the zenith in extreme cases. The corresponding effect near the horizon is 150 m. The ionosphere is generally correlated over distances of up to 1,000 km and time periods of three hours.