By Gabriel W. Lasker (auth.), Morris Goodman, Richard E. Tashian, Jeanne H. Tashian (eds.)

In 1962 on the Burg Wartenstein Symposium on "Classification and Human Evolution," Emile Zuckerkandl used the time period "molecular anthropology" to symbolize the learn of primate phylogeny and human evolution during the genetic info contained in proteins and polynucleotides. due to the fact that that point, our wisdom of molecular evolution in primates and different organisms has grown significantly. the current quantity examines this data specifically because it pertains to the phyletic place of Homo sapiens within the order Primates and to the traits which formed the path of human evolution. members from the disciplines of protein and nucleotide chemistry, genetics, records, paleon­ tology, and actual anthropology held cross-disciplinary discussions and argued a number of the significant problems with molecular anthropology and the knowledge upon which those arguments relaxation. leader between those have been the molecular clock controversy in hominoid evolution; the molecular proof on phylogenetic relationships between primates; the evolution of gene expression rules in primates; the connection of fossil and molecular facts within the Anthropoidea and different pri­ associates; the translation of the adaptive value of evolutionary adjustments; and, ultimately, the impression on mankind of reports in molecular anthropology. many of the papers during this quantity have been provided in a initial shape at Symposium No. sixty five on "Progress in Molecular Anthropology" held at Burg Wartenstein, Austria, from July 25 to August 1, 1975. those papers have been to that end revised and a few extra papers on the topic of the topic of the symposium have been additionally contributed to this volume.

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Extra resources for Molecular Anthropology: Genes and Proteins in the Evolutionary Ascent of the Primates

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Phylogenetic trees combine information from fossil forms, from living species, from dating, from anatomy, and from chemistry, but none of these fields can stand alone in reconstructing phylogeny. Neither dendrograms grouping extrapolated dates of dichotomies with present-day species nor phylogenetic trees including only fossil forms placed on noncommittal side branches are adequate. Molecular biology can be seen as one field contributing to the understanding of phylogeny, but in no sense should it be viewed as overthrowing or supplanting the evidence from other disciplines.

Thus the provisional correlation of the part of the Fayum deposits containing primates is with the North American early Oligocene Chadronian provincial age. y. y. ago: for Chadronian dates, see Savage (1975). All phenotype and immunochemical as well as other evidence is in agreement in showing that Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea are closer than either is to Ceboidea. However, by Fayumian times they have differentiated to the level of two families, six genera, and ten-plus species, but of course not all of these are synchronous.

VOGEL, M. KOPUN, AND R. RATHENBERG OlE 9 • • C ... T oA#G A f!. C ... G other 1 Transitions J T ransversions .. • • .. • 3 o .. 0 .. • '-..... -I> .. , .. 0" .. 0" .. 0 .. .... -... .. • .. e .. ~~~~~~ 10 20 30 40 50 o Fig. 5. Comparison between the observed/expected ratio (O/E) and the index of dissimilarity (D) for a number of related proteins. For the proteins which were included in this analysis, see Vogel (1972). linear, and there is, indeed, no a priori reason why it should be linear.

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