By Pierre Kobel, Pranvera Këllezi, Bruce Kilpatrick
The publication presents an research of the grocery retail industry in a really huge variety of international locations with a world document written by way of an economist. the second one a part of the booklet deals the research of legal responsibility concerns on the subject of non-compliance with CSRs with a global document via a British barrister. either issues are very timely.
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Extra resources for Antitrust in the Groceries Sector & Liability Issues in Relation to Corporate Social Responsibility
Example text
Finland. 39 For example, in Hungary, the Unfair Distributional Practices Act prohibits resale below cost, irrespective of the market power of the retailer, if the practice affects agricultural or food products; in Romania, reselling below costs is prohibited regardless of whether the company is dominant or not; in France, Article L 442-2 of the Commercial Code prohibits resale below purchase price. 1 International Report 29 However, in 2007, the German competition authority imposed a fine on the drugstore chain for having sold several products below cost.
The anticompetitive practices at stake are those (1) that concern markets of local dimension, (2) that do not affect intracommunity trade and (3) that relate to undertakings whose individual turnover is below EUR 50 million and aggregated below EUR 100 million. Finally, in the United Kingdom, the Competition Commission identified four features of the relevant markets that distort competition, three of which are relevant for local markets: (1) high levels of concentration in some local markets, (2) the planning system, (3) retailers’ landholdings and (4) supply chain practices.
However, the cases of collusion among suppliers of grocery products are much more frequent than the cases of collusion among retailers (even if collusion among retailers is not unknown). 1 Collusion Among Suppliers of Grocery Products A large number of cases of supplier cartels in the grocery sector have been reported. Most of these cartels concern producers of agricultural products. But some of the collusion cases concern a combination of horizontal and vertical collusion between transformers or wholesalers of food products and retail distributors (of the “hub and spoke” variety).